Helen Salisbury, partner and solicitor in the wills and probate team at Nelsons, explains the residence nil rate band (RNRB) system and how you can prepare your will to make the most of this tax-free allowance.
Recently, the inheritance tax system has come under serious scrutiny, leaving many grieving families with large tax bills to deal with. While the nil rate band allowance – the amount of wealth you can pass on free of inheritance tax – has not increased since 2009, the average UK house price has amplified by more than 40% in the same period.
This increase means more and more families have become liable for inheritance tax, leading to the government introducing the RNRB in 2017.
What is the residence nil rate band?
At present, inheritance tax is charged on the value of your estate – which includes your property and possessions, savings and investments, life policies, business interests and assets held abroad – when you die. Where you own assets jointly, the value of your share in these is included.
The inheritance tax threshold for an individual is currently set at £325,000, which is also known as the nil rate band (NRB). No tax is payable on the value of a person’s estate up to this threshold, however the value of an estate over this threshold is currently taxed at the rate of 40%.
For any deaths that have occurred since 6 April 2017, executors may have been eligible to claim an additional inheritance tax threshold known as the RNRB. In general terms, the RNRB is available where the deceased leaves a residence – a property that has been occupied by the deceased – directly to lineal descendants (children, grandchildren, adopted children, stepchildren and foster children).
How much is the residence nil rate band?
The amount of this allowance depends on the date of death and is limited to the value of the deceased’s interest in a single property. For deaths that occurred in the tax year 2017/18, the RNRB started at £100,000 - this will increase to a maximum of £175,000 for deaths that occur in the tax year 2020/21.
When combined with the NRB, this can be a valuable relief. For deaths now, the maximum total tax-free allowance for an individual is £475,000 – that’s £325,000, plus £150,000 additional residence allowance. For a couple, the maximum total tax-free allowance for them together is £950,000 – that’s £650,000, plus £300,000 additional residence allowances.
This will increase to a total maximum tax-free allowance for a couple of £1 million, where the survivor dies after 6 April 2020.
How do I qualify for the allowance?
To qualify for the allowance, lineal descendants must inherit directly. Be aware that the existence of a trust may prevent direct inheritance, therefore any arrangement where a descendant does not inherit immediately should be considered carefully.
For example, Mr and Mrs Smith’s estate totals £950,000, which includes their £300,000 home. The couple leaves their entire estate to their two grandchildren, with the will stating that they shouldn’t receive their inheritance until they are 30 years old.
The value of the estate – excluding Mr and Mrs Smith’s home – is worth £650,000, therefore not exceeding the inheritance tax threshold for them both. However, because the grandchildren’s inheritance has been deferred, a trust has been created and they do not inherit the property outright.
This means that the RNRB cannot be claimed, and inheritance tax will be payable in respect of the value of the property. Of course, some families may prefer to defer the age that the beneficiaries can receive their inheritance because they do not consider them to be mature enough. However, it’s important that they understand the tax consequences of this.
What do I need to do?
We recommend that you dust off your old wills to make sure they still reflect your wishes and to ensure that, where possible, you make the most of any available inheritance tax allowances.
It is important that you review your will, especially if you have prepared wills that leave assets into a trust, such as a nil rate band discretionary trust. These types of will trusts were commonly made before the introduction of the transferable nil rate band between spouses.
